ISO 14001:2015 Interpretations

2. Are the references to other standards in the Notes to Entry in Clause 3 (Terms and definitions) normative?

3. Are there any situations in which “top management” refers to persons outside the scope of the environmental management system?

4. Does the term “compliance obligation” in ISO 14001:2015 have the same meaning as the phrase “legal requirements and other requirements to which the organization subscribes” in the previous edition?

5. There appears to be ambiguity in ISO 14001:2015 regarding whether the term “risk” has only a negative connotation or includes both negative and positive connotations. The definition of “risk” (3.2.10) states that risk can be positive or negative, but the definition of “risks and opportunities” (3.2.11) implies that risk is only negative, while opportunities are positive. May an organization decide for itself whether to use the term “risk” in its Environmental Management System as a solely negative concept or as both a negative and positive concept?

6. In Note 1 to Entry 3.3.4 “outsource,” does the phrase “outside the scope of the management system” mean “outside the scope of the environmental management system”?

7. Is an organization required to establish a process in order to meet the requirements in 4.1 and 4.2 that it determine its context, relevant interested parties and their needs and expectations? Is an organization required to develop and maintain documented lists of its external and internal issues, its relevant interested parties and their needs and expectations?

8. Does the organization have to identify at least one risk or opportunity that needs to be addressed, i.e. at least one potential adverse effect (threat) or beneficial effect (opportunity) that needs to be addressed?

9. Does ISO 14001:2015 require Life Cycle Assessments (LCAs) to be completed as part of the enhanced life cycle perspective requirements?

10. Does ISO 14001:2015 require the organization to apply a life cycle perspective when determining which of its environmental aspects are significant, i.e., in its criteria for determining significance?

11. In Clause 6.1.4.a.3, which “risks and opportunities” is an organization required to plan actions to address?

12. What is an outsourced process? Is every process or service obtained from an external provider an outsourced process?

13. If an organization does not have any outsourced processes, to what extent does clause 8.1 apply? Do the requirements in the paragraph starting “consistent with a life cycle perspective” only apply to outsourced processes?

14. Does the phrase, “consistent with a life cycle perspective’ in Clause 8.1, Operational Planning and Control mean than an organization needs to consider a life cycle perspective a second time, with regard to operational planning and control?